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Post by stardustpilgrim on Apr 21, 2020 10:21:29 GMT -5
In the LHC particles are sent near the speed of light inside a 17 mile long magnetic loop. Further than that particles are sent in opposite directions in the loop. That means particles are passing each other at near twice the speed of light, or are they? If you put two cars on a race track going in opposite directions (not recommended) at 200 MPH each, their relative speed to each other would be 400 MPH. Makes perfect sense? Yes. (If you were to put a radar gun in one car and measure the speed of the other car, it would be 400 MPH). But at CERN (LHC) this isn't how it works. The relative speed between the particles traveling in opposite directions never supersedes the speed of light, that is, measuring the speed of the particles traveling in opposite directions, both near the speed of light, the relative speed between them never is greater than the speed of light. That's Einstein's Relativity, in the Classical-Newtonian world, nothing can go faster than the speed of light.
However, this is not the case in the Quantum mechanical world. In the 1935 Einstein-Poldosky-Rosen paper, the three, in their hope to disprove QM, showed that two particles having once interacted, were forever linked, that is, no matter how distant they may become in the future, if you effected one particle, the other would be simultaneously effected. Einstein called this "Spooky action at a distance". Einstein considered this absurd, breaking the speed of light barrier, and considered this his final statement on quantum physics (to Bohr).
But, years later, and now every day in the laboratory, QM rules over Relativity. In the '30's Schrodinger came up with a name for this phenomenon, entanglement (AKA nonlocality). But there is actually a loophole in Relativity which entanglement does not violate. Technically, information cannot travel faster than the speed of light. And this technicality is not broken by entanglement. This is because of the random nature of QM. Entanglement cannot be used to send information faster than the speed of light. Briefly, all information is coded in some manner, one some-thing represents another some-thing. But in QM because of randomness you can never know if one some-thing is an A or a B. Thus, entanglement cannot be used to code information.
So this is the two different worlds of QM and Classical-Newtonian-Relativity.
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Post by Deleted on Apr 22, 2020 22:34:53 GMT -5
One of the coolest things about Relativity and the speed of light barrier is that it is not a speed limit for the traveler! And what this says about light itself is really cool. ... Say you take a trip to the nearest star and back, in a spaceship that can fly really fast. As you approach the speed of light, the time of your trip -- according to viewers on earth -- approaches 8 years. (The star let's say is 4 light years away.) But the time of the trip for you, on the rocket ship, approaches ZERO! Because of the physically limits of having mass that needs energy to accelerate, and the G forces on the body, you can't really take the trip that fast, but photons do. Photons get to where they are going - from their point of view - in zero time. And since light is also a "wave" that radiates in all directions... it's starting to sound like something that is everywhere at once, without time!
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Post by stardustpilgrim on Apr 23, 2020 15:27:52 GMT -5
One of the coolest things about Relativity and the speed of light barrier is that it is not a speed limit for the traveler! And what this says about light itself is really cool. ... Say you take a trip to the nearest star and back, in a spaceship that can fly really fast. As you approach the speed of light, the time of your trip -- according to viewers on earth -- approaches 8 years. (The star let's say is 4 light years away.) But the time of the trip for you, on the rocket ship, approaches ZERO! Because of the physically limits of having mass that needs energy to accelerate, and the G forces on the body, you can't really take the trip that fast, but photons do. Photons get to where they are going - from their point of view - in zero time. And since light is also a "wave" that radiates in all directions... it's starting to sound like something that is everywhere at once, without time! Yes, from its own POV a photon does not experience time. This is actually how Einstein began to consider Relativity as a teenager, what would it be like to ride upon a beam of light? Near the end of his life Einstein wrote in his journal: After a lifetime of thinking about it, I still do not know what light is. (My paraphrase). |
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Post by laughter on Apr 23, 2020 20:24:30 GMT -5
One of the coolest things about Relativity and the speed of light barrier is that it is not a speed limit for the traveler! And what this says about light itself is really cool. ... Say you take a trip to the nearest star and back, in a spaceship that can fly really fast. As you approach the speed of light, the time of your trip -- according to viewers on earth -- approaches 8 years. (The star let's say is 4 light years away.) But the time of the trip for you, on the rocket ship, approaches ZERO! Because of the physically limits of having mass that needs energy to accelerate, and the G forces on the body, you can't really take the trip that fast, but photons do. Photons get to where they are going - from their point of view - in zero time. And since light is also a "wave" that radiates in all directions... it's starting to sound like something that is everywhere at once, without time! Yeah, the whole infinite mass dealio is a bit of a deal breaker. A temperature of absolute zero is also an unachievable asymptote, and by my knowledge is even less understood than the photonic speed limit.  But it's always suggested an alternative perspective that I'm sure is wrong in some way (but have never tried to figure out why): what if all of 3D space, and everything in it, were moving through another spatial dimension at what we perceive as the speed of light, and light is simply an effect that happens by way of physical connection with that dimension?  |
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Post by stardustpilgrim on Apr 24, 2020 10:36:16 GMT -5
One of the coolest things about Relativity and the speed of light barrier is that it is not a speed limit for the traveler! And what this says about light itself is really cool. ... Say you take a trip to the nearest star and back, in a spaceship that can fly really fast. As you approach the speed of light, the time of your trip -- according to viewers on earth -- approaches 8 years. (The star let's say is 4 light years away.) But the time of the trip for you, on the rocket ship, approaches ZERO! Because of the physically limits of having mass that needs energy to accelerate, and the G forces on the body, you can't really take the trip that fast, but photons do. Photons get to where they are going - from their point of view - in zero time. And since light is also a "wave" that radiates in all directions... it's starting to sound like something that is everywhere at once, without time! Yeah, the whole infinite mass dealio is a bit of a deal breaker. A temperature of absolute zero is also an unachievable asymptote, and by my knowledge is even less understood than the photonic speed limit. But it's always suggested an alternative perspective that I'm sure is wrong in some way (but have never tried to figure out why): what if all of 3D space, and everything in it, were moving through another spatial dimension at what we perceive as the speed of light, and light is simply an effect that happens by way of physical connection with that dimension? These are very interesting things to explore and think about. The book Flatland gives an entry. If you live on a flat surface you live in two dimensions. From your POV do higher dimensions exist? If a sphere moves into your world you would see it first as a tiny circle, then as this circle increasing in size. Then at a certain point the circle gets smaller and smaller and eventually disappears. So yes, the speed of light is a limit in our 3D-4D world. A photon is-like a sphere in 3D-4D. A photon-as-sphere exists simultaneously as-a-whole as the sphere. From one edge of the sphere to the other, there is no traversing time or space, it-is the whole. This is how the universe of a photon IS. A photon, within itself, does not experience time. But from our POV it does. For example, from our POV it takes 8 minutes for a photon to travel from the Sun to the earth. But in a higher dimension, higher than 3D-4D, there is no light-speed limit. In a higher dimension there is no mass. In our Flatland example, Flatland is 2D. The sphere is 3D. "Time" in 2D is the experienced circle getting bigger and then smaller and disappearing. Let's move to another example. We make a film. We collect a series of pictures of 3D-4D, collect them as pictures on a reel of film. We end up with a complete film that exists as a whole in a film canister. Any time we can pull it out and project the film onto a white screen and see the recording. Playing the film represents our 3D-4D world. But the film exists as a whole, complete, from beginning to end, this represent 5D, the 5th dimension. We cannot experience the film as a whole all-at-once, because we are 3D-4D creatures. We have to project the film and experience it minutes by minute. This represents your light limit, speed of light limit. But it's a limit only for us, not a limit "objectively". Modern physics is beginning to touch this, with/as quantum physics. In the quantum world time and space do not exist. This is demonstrated by entanglement. With entanglement experiments, with two entangled particles, whatever you do to one instantaneously effects the other. How? Because they are not in actuality separated. From our POV they can be separated by miles, even thousands of miles, but entanglement experiments show they are somehow connected. Physics cannot explain this. But higher dimensions can. The two entangled particles are part of a (higher) whole. Go back to the 3D sphere moving into the 2D world. From the 2D creature POV, the smaller circle and the larger circle do not seem to be connected. In its time (movement), there is a smaller circle and then later there is a larger circle. But from the POV of the sphere (a higher dimension), there is no separation, the larger circle and the smaller circle are "parts" of the whole. The smaller circles and larger circles already exist, as one, in the "higher dimension" of the sphere. The two entangled particles are like-this, they are the smaller circle and larger circle existing in the sphere. A seed is a kind of 5D object (sphere). The whole exists as the DNA that the seed is. It unfolds (grows) in time under the right conditions (soil, nutrients, sunlight, water). Likewise, a man is a seed. Is there a 5th dimension? It would explain many things. The speed of light limit is represented by the "movement" of the smaller circles in 2D getting bigger and then smaller again. The 2D being cannot experience the whole of the sphere, because it has only 2D capacity-of-experience, "time" is necessary to experience the sphere. If it could experience the whole, then time would not exist (like it does not exist for entangled particles). |
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Post by stardustpilgrim on Aug 15, 2023 13:31:13 GMT -5
This quote gives support for a position of mine long ago, I just chanced upon it. Another certain someone, despite several supporting quotes otherwise, continued to maintain the Schrodinger equation was not deterministic. Not trying to dig it up, necessarily. emphasis sdp
“As Bohr acknowledged, in the Copenhagen interpretation a measurement changes the state of a system in a way that cannot itself be described by quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics the evolution of the state vector described by the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is deterministic. If the time-dependent Schrödinger equation described the measurement process, then whatever the details of the process, the end result would be some definite state, not a number of possibilities with different probabilities. This is clearly unsatisfactory. If quantum mechanics applies to everything, then it must apply to a physicist’s measurement apparatus, and to physicists themselves. On the other hand, if quantum mechanics does not apply to everything, then we need to know where to draw the boundary of its area of validity. Does it apply only to systems that are not too large? Does it apply if a measurement is made by some automatic apparatus, and no human reads the result?”
– Steven Weinberg
🫧 Lectures on Quantum Mechanics (2012), Ch. 3 : General Principles of Quantum Mechanics
📸 Niels Bohr lecturing in Copenhagen, April 1929.
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Post by stardustpilgrim on Oct 14, 2023 12:59:22 GMT -5
Imagine that you have a piano keyboard, and each key corresponds to a possible location of a particle. The Schrodinger equation tells you how to play a melody on this keyboard, using the wave function as the sheet music. The wave function gives you the amplitude and frequency of each note, which represent the probability and energy of finding the particle at that location. The higher the amplitude, the louder the note, and the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch.
The Schrodinger equation also tells you how the melody changes over time, depending on the potential energy of the particle at each location. The potential energy is like a tuning knob that affects the frequency of each note. If the potential energy is high, the note becomes sharper, and if it is low, it becomes flatter. The Schrodinger equation describes how the wave function evolves in response to these changes in frequency, and how the melody becomes more or less harmonious.
The equation is very important in quantum mechanics, because it allows us to calculate the wave function for any physical system, and use it to predict the outcomes of measurements. However, unlike classical music, quantum music is very unpredictable and probabilistic. We can only know the average values of observable quantities, such as position and momentum, but not their exact values for any given measurement. Moreover, we can never know the wave function completely, because every time we measure it, we disturb it and change its shape. This is known as the collapse of the wave function, or the quantum jump.
It was discovered by Erwin Schrödinger in 1926, and it is based on the conservation of energy. It is a partial differential equation, which means that it involves derivatives of the wave function with respect to both space and time. It can be written in different forms depending on whether we use a fixed or a moving frame of reference. It can also be generalized to include relativistic effects, such as when particles move close to the speed of light.
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Post by stardustpilgrim on Nov 4, 2023 11:32:06 GMT -5
This is a very interesting video, Leonard Susskind is a very smart dude. It's difficult to summarize, it's not long, about 13 minutes. But, basically, is there life after heat death. I will also link another video, I watched it before this one. But this lady seems to have found a similar concept.
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Post by stardustpilgrim on Nov 4, 2023 11:44:40 GMT -5
This video is an exploration of entropy, but near the end she explains (briefly) how she came to realize, through physics, how life might increase in complexity to form higher living beings. She also links information entropy to thermodynamic entropy, something most physicists are not brave enough to do. She also says something I've heard in only one place before, by Leonard Susskind (just happens to be in the earlier video), information is a measurement of information we do not have. IOW, I think she has a good understanding of entropy.
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Post by lolly on Nov 8, 2023 5:41:29 GMT -5
This video is an exploration of entropy, but near the end she explains (briefly) how she came to realize, through physics, how life might increase in complexity to form higher living beings. She also links information entropy to thermodynamic entropy, something most physicists are not brave enough to do. She also says something I've heard in only one place before, by Leonard Susskind (just happens to be in the earlier video), information is a measurement of information we do not have. IOW, I think she has a good understanding of entropy. Sabine is great because she could be any answer to a M,F,K question. |
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Post by laughter on Nov 9, 2023 23:22:04 GMT -5
This video is an exploration of entropy, but near the end she explains (briefly) how she came to realize, through physics, how life might increase in complexity to form higher living beings. She also links information entropy to thermodynamic entropy, something most physicists are not brave enough to do. She also says something I've heard in only one place before, by Leonard Susskind (just happens to be in the earlier video), information is a measurement of information we do not have. IOW, I think she has a good understanding of entropy. Sabine is great because she could be any answer to a M,F,K question. Her irony is always delivered with the exact right measure of subtlety. In comedy, as always, timing is everything.  |
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Post by steven on Nov 11, 2023 7:43:57 GMT -5
My 3 year old is fascinated with Black Holes, so we watch a lot of videos about them. The Singularity at the heart of a black hole is so compressed that there is no movement whatsoever even on the tiniest levels like electrons moving around nuclei, in a singularity there is no differentiation, it’s all one, time does not exist within it, and it’s utterly silent and still.
Does that sound familiar to anyone here? 😂😂😂
I find that interesting.
The mass of black holes become the engine for entire galaxies, and arguably the universe of movement emanating from the mass of the unmoving singularity.
They are now postulating that black holes of all size exist everywhere, including micro black holes all around and within in us, and that may be the dark matter that scientists know exist mathematically but cannot observe.
Fascinating stuff.
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Post by lolly on Nov 11, 2023 8:41:05 GMT -5
Dark matter, as far as we know, is an inexplicable curvature of spacetime. We assume the inexplicable curvature is due to mass/matter we haven't yet been able to detect because, as far as we know, spacetime curves around a centre of mass. Since we haven't detected any dark particles, the curvature is as yet inexplicable. Dark 'matter' is the most immediate hypothesis, but there might be 'something else' entirely unheard of. That would be fum.
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Post by stardustpilgrim on Nov 11, 2023 10:11:33 GMT -5
My 3 year old is fascinated with Black Holes, so we watch a lot of videos about them. The Singularity at the heart of a black hole is so compressed that there is no movement whatsoever even on the tiniest levels like electrons moving around nuclei, in a singularity there is no differentiation, it’s all one, time does not exist within it, and it’s utterly silent and still. Does that sound familiar to anyone here? 😂😂😂 I find that interesting. The mass of black holes become the engine for entire galaxies, and arguably the universe of movement emanating from the mass of the unmoving singularity. They are now postulating that black holes of all size exist everywhere, including micro black holes all around and within in us, and that may be the dark matter that scientists know exist mathematically but cannot observe. Fascinating stuff. Yes, fascinating. Physicists consider something is wrong when infinities show up in their equations. They basically say, yep, we just screwed up again somehow. So some physicists say singularities just can't exist (a singularity is infinity showing up in the equations). But they just can't see they are actually on-to-something. Infinities point-to Oneness (as you point out, kind of obviously). ...I took an astronomy class back in 1970. I remember the teacher saying, well, black holes are just theoretical speculation. ...And, yesterday, I just happened to mention, in context-conversation, to my youngest daughter than my grandfather C was born in 1895 (the year J Krishnamurti was born). That just absolutely blew her mind. The Times They Are A Changing. |
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Post by stardustpilgrim on Nov 11, 2023 10:33:22 GMT -5
Dark matter, as far as we know, is an inexplicable curvature of spacetime. We assume the inexplicable curvature is due to mass/matter we haven't yet been able to detect because, as far as we know, spacetime curves around a centre of mass. Since we haven't detected any dark particles, the curvature is as yet inexplicable. Dark 'matter' is the most immediate hypothesis, but there might be 'something else' entirely unheard of. That would be fum. We've known about dark matter since 1933 by Fritz Zwicky. We've only known about dark energy since 1998 when physicists found the expansion of the universe was accelerating. So both are theoretical, just because physicists see the universe is doing we-don't-know-what and we-don't-know-why. I have yet to see an article on how dark matter and dark energy are just "yin" and "yang', two sides of the same coin. I'd say somehow dark energy has to some day be superseded again by dark matter, and expansion reverses and the universe shrinks back to a tiny one again. This would validate the Hindu view of the universe (continuous recycling, expansion and contraction repeat). As it stands now, physicists say the universe will just keep expanding until we have a heat death, no life, just nothing. They say the very property of space is for expansion to accelerate when gravity becomes too weak (because of expansion). The I Ching also says we will eventually have contraction, again, as yin always turns-back-into yang, and vice versa. (That is, the famous ying-yang symbol, white dot in a 1/2 curved black field, and vice versa, is a moving symbol). |
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